How long should a patient typically be NPO before surgery?

The recommended fasting guidelines for patients undergoing surgery are designed to minimize the risk of aspiration and complications during anesthesia. Twelve hours of fasting before surgery is typically considered excessive and could lead to unnecessary discomfort for patients. The standard is to have patients be NPO, or "nil per os" (nothing by mouth), for specific timeframes depending on the type of food consumed.

Typically, patients should refrain from consuming solid foods for at least 8 hours before surgery. This duration helps ensure that the stomach is adequately empty before the procedure. For clear liquids, a shorter fasting period of at least 2 hours is generally acceptable since clear liquids are more rapidly absorbed and pass through the stomach faster than solid foods.

These guidelines help safeguard against the risks of aspiration, where gastric contents could enter the lungs during anesthesia. Following the recommended fasting times assists medical professionals in preparing patients for a safe surgical experience.