What device should be used to encourage deep breathing and improve lung expansion?

The incentive spirometer is specifically designed to encourage deep breathing and promote lung expansion, making it the correct choice for this scenario. This device provides visual feedback to patients, motivating them to take slow, deep breaths. By inhaling deeply through the spirometer, patients can help expand their lungs, improve ventilation, and decrease the risk of postoperative complications such as atelectasis. It is particularly important after surgery to maintain respiratory function and prevent complications, especially when mobility may be limited.

Other devices listed, such as an oxygen mask, ventilator, and breathing tube, serve different purposes. An oxygen mask is used to deliver supplemental oxygen, a ventilator provides mechanical support for breathing, and a breathing tube is typically used in intubated patients to secure an airway. While these devices assist with respiration, they do not specifically encourage the deep breathing exercises that are essential for lung expansion and recovery.