What is a common side effect of opioids in postoperative patients?

In postoperative patients, a common side effect of opioids is constipation. Opioids work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which can slow down bowel motility, leading to decreased peristalsis. This slowing of the GI system means that the movement of stool is diminished, often resulting in constipation.

This side effect is particularly relevant in surgical patients, who may already have compromised bowel function due to anesthesia and the effects of surgery. Consequently, it is essential for healthcare providers to monitor and manage this risk in patients receiving opioid therapy in the postoperative setting.

While nausea can occur due to various factors, including the effects of anesthesia and pain medications, constipation remains a more characteristic and consistent issue with opioid use. Diarrhea is not associated with opioids; in fact, it is generally the opposite. Insomnia can be a concern for some patients taking opioids, but it is not as universally recognized as a common side effect of opioids compared to constipation.