Why is it important to encourage cough and deep breathing post-surgery?

Encouraging cough and deep breathing post-surgery is essential primarily to prevent atelectasis and promote lung expansion. After surgery, especially abdominal or thoracic procedures, patients are at risk for respiratory complications due to sedation, pain, and immobility. Atelectasis, which is the collapse of part or all of a lung, can occur when airways are blocked, preventing proper oxygen exchange and leading to diminished lung capacity.

Deep breathing exercises help to fully inflate the lungs, which encourages the movement of air through all areas of the lungs, thereby preventing the accumulation of secretions and reducing the risk of infections such as pneumonia. Additionally, effective coughing clears any secretions that may have built up post-operatively, ensuring that the airways remain open and that gas exchange continues effectively.

While relieving pain and discomfort, enhancing bowel function, and increasing heart rate may be relevant aspects of patient care, they do not address the primary respiratory concerns arising after surgery. The focus on pulmonary health through cough and deep breathing is critical for recovery, making it a key practice in post-operative care.